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维特根斯坦在《论确定性》中使用了一系列基础主义意象和表达基础性的词汇，但他与认识论基础主义之间的关系依然扑朔迷离、争论频仍。以“世界图景”概念为切入点，可以提供一个理解维特根斯坦基础主义倾向的新视角。一方面，维特根斯坦强调基础信念与非基础信念在认知依赖关系优先性上的差异，属于典型的基础主义做法;另一方面，维特根斯坦对基础信念做非认知式和行动化理解，颠覆了刻画基础的传统方式，由此构成一种特殊类型的基础主义:基于世界图景的基础主义。根据这种新的基础主义，基础信念并非通过认知活动得以证成，而是来自认知主体对特定世界图景的接受，其基础性来源于经由社会化过程和文化渗透作用而内化的规范性。
Abstract：Wittgenstein adopted various fundamental images and foundational expressions in On Certainty,but the relationship between his writing and foundationalism in epistemology still left elusive and controversial. By virtue of the concept of world-picture,it is possible to provide a new perspective of understanding Wittgenstein's foundationalist disposition. On the one hand,Wittgenstein emphasized the difference in the priority of epistemic dependence between basic and non-basic belief,which belonged to a paradigmatic approach of foundationalism. On the other hand,Wittgenstein's understanding of basic belief as non-epistemic and enactive transformed the traditional way of presenting foundation,so that it formed a particular kind of foundationalism: world-picture based foundationalism. According to this new foundationalism,basic belief is not justified by epistemic process,instead,it is derived from the epistemic agent's acceptance of a certain world-picture,which plays its fundamental role originates from the normativity shaped by socialization and cultural internalization.
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(1)此处和以下引文中对“世界图景”的加粗标记为本文作者所加，以示强调。
(1)维特根斯坦提醒我们，传统上将规范性理解为崇高的东西(比如逻辑的必然性“the logical must”)其实是误入歧途，规范性可以来自日常生活实践，其效力也不必放诸四海而皆准[3]。
(1)斯卓尔(Stroll)收集了《论确定性》中71处明显提及“基础”与其异形同义词的地方。这些篇幅约占全书内容的十分之一，可见基础性表达在维特根斯坦思考中的分量[11]。
基本信息:
中图分类号:B561.59
引用信息:
[1]贝智恩.“世界图景”与非认知根基：《论确定性》中的基础主义新解[J].科学技术哲学研究,2026,43(02):31-37.
基金信息:
国家社会科学基金后期资助一般项目“维特根斯坦枢轴认识论研究”(25FZXB075)
2025-06-27
2025
2025-11-24
2025
1
2026-04-05
2026-04-05