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“后验必然”是在经验领域悬而未决的问题,其困难源于“象”“骨”“魂”三重困境,即:历史演绎的递归性困境导致“后验必然”陷入递归历史演绎与形而上学承诺的矛盾;哲学认知的包容度困境表现为先验-后验边界不可通约与范畴论的结构自循环;逻辑系统的完备性困境源于必然算子“”的外加性预设引发的句法-语义断裂。郭贵春教授团队使用语境论部分消解了“后验必然”难题,但仍限于对问题的绥靖,不过已经简化了该问题:只需做到对必然算符的内生性推演,即可将对后验必然问题的解决再推进一大步。
Abstract:“A posteriori necessity” is an outstanding issue in the field of experience, and its difficulty stems from the Triple Dilemma of “Representation”,“Framework” and “Core”,that is, the recursive dilemma of historical deduction leads to the contradiction between recursive historical deduction and metaphysical commitment of “a posteriori necessity”; the dilemma of tolerance of philosophical cognition is manifested in the incommensurability of a priori-a posteriori boundary and the structural self-circulation of category theory; the completeness dilemma of logical systems stems from the syntactic-semantic rupture caused by the additive presupposition of the necessity operator “□”. Professor Guo Guichun's team has partially solved the problem of “a posteriori necessity” by employing contextualism, but it is still limited to alleviating the problem. However, it has simplified the problem: only the endogenous deduction of the necessity operator can further promote the solution to the problem of a posteriori necessity.
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(1)蒯因认为:一旦我们选定了那个能在最广义上容纳科学的总体概念框架,我们的本体论也就随之确定了;而决定这个概念框架任何一部分(比如生物学或物理学部分)的合理建构的考量,与决定整个框架的合理建构的考量,在本质上并无不同。
(2)如Introduction to Categories and Categorical Logic例图所述,对象C作为极限,通过态射γI和γJ接收来自FI和FJ的输入,形成稳定的边界条件;若输入超出C的兼容范围(即锥形条件不满足),则系统边界需重新调整以维持稳定性。
(3)为“=”增加下标比较直观,赖特(Crispin James Garth Wright)采用的是为“Equivalent”增加下标的办法,但是相对繁琐。
(4)我们可以对“语义上升”和“语义下降”作一个形式化理解:例如,语境A通过“语义上升”成为语境B,那么此时B是A的后继,A是B的前驱,“语义下降”则是反过程。
基本信息:
中图分类号:B81-0;N02
引用信息:
[1]焦泽智,万小龙.后验必然的三维困境与语境论的解决路径[J].科学技术哲学研究,2026,43(03):22-29.
基金信息:
国家社会科学基金重大项目“量子信息科技哲学及其逻辑基础研究”(22&ZD046)
2026-06-05
2026-06-05